Cellular changes associated with CIN and HPV.
  • Nuclear atypia and immaturity.
  • Changes in nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio.
  • Immature cells carried high in epithelial covering.
  • Nuclear hyperchromasia.
  • Variation in nuclear size.
  • Increased numbers of mitoses.
  • Koilocytic changes of epithelial cells infected with HPV.
  • The perinuclear clearing defines the koilocyte.
  • The insert in the above picture shows the PAP smear cytology corresponding to the changes in the tissue section.