Ureter -- tube continuous with the renal pelvis which transports urine from kidney by peristalsis.

Examine a section of ureter, noting the highly folded mucosa, surrounded by two layers of smooth muscle and adventitia . In the folds of the urinary epithelium (or urothelium) note that the basement membrane is extremely thin and is closely associated with capillaries.

What does the structure of the ureter’s muscularis suggest about this layer’s function?

Bladder -- collects urine from ureters for drainage via urethra

Examine a section of bladder and examine the folded urinary or transitional epithelium and the collagen in the underlying lamina propria.

• Identify the three layers of smooth muscle and the outer serosa/adventitia.
• The outer layer may contain Pacinian corpuscles.

What is the function of this muscularis?

Clinical note: Transitional cell carcinoma, the most common type of bladder cancer, is associated with occupational exposure to certain organic chemicals among workers in the dye, rubber, paint, and some other industries. Smokers also have a fourfold increased risk for bladder cancer compared to nonsmokers.

Almost there, last comes the urethra.