| Symptoms
& History
Physical
Findings
Stop
& Think
Lab
and X-Ray
Differential
Diagnosis
The
Disease
Treatment
Conclusions
Quiz
& Evaluation |
|
Prognostic
factors continued
-
Proliferate rate:
tumors with high proliferate rates have a poorer prognosis.
-
Increased S-phase fraction by
cytometry.
-
Higher mitotic count by cytometry.
-
Detection of cell cycle proteins;
cyclins and Ki-67.
-
DNA content: aneuploid
and hyperploid tumors have a slightly worse prognosis.
-
Gene expression:
tumors with oncogene expression and decreased expression of supressor genes
have a worse prognosis.
-
Angiogenesis:
the greater the degree of angiogeneis, the more like a tumor will subsequently
metastasize.
-
Proteases:
tumor proteases may be involved in degrading extracellular matrix, thereby
fostering tumor invasion. The higher the level, the worse the prognosis.
Therapeutic
overview
Back |
|